VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT
1.Prefixes-
suffixes
(i).Prefix
A
Prefix is a syllable (or syllables) placed at the beginning of a word to
qualify its meaning and form a new word.
Examples:
S.No |
Prefix |
Meaning |
Examples |
1. |
Ambi |
Both, on
both sides |
Ambidextrous,
ambiguous, ambivalent |
2. |
Ante |
Before |
Antecedent,
antediluvian, ante-nuptial, ante-date, ante-penultimate |
3. |
Anti |
Against,
opposed to |
Antibiotic,
antiseptic, antithetical, anti freeze, anti-national, anti-romantic,
antisocial |
4. |
Auto |
Self |
Autobiography,
automatic, autograph, automobile, autocrat. |
5. |
Bi |
Two,
twice |
Bigamy,
binoculars, bicycle, bilateral, biweekly, bisect |
6. |
Circum |
Around,
on all sides |
Circumference,
circumvent, circumnavigation, circumlocution |
7. |
Co |
Together |
Co-operate,
Co-existence, Co-ordinate, Co-equal, Co-education |
8. |
Counter |
Against,
contrary, in opposition to |
Counterattack,
counterpart, counterbalance, counter productive |
9. |
Dis |
The
opposition of, not |
Dislike,
disarm, disagree, discord, discharge, disadvantage, disability |
10. |
En, Em |
To cover
with cause |
Endanger,
enlarge, ensure empower,
embitter, embolden |
11. |
Equi |
In equal |
Equidistant,
equilibrium, equilateral, equivalent |
12. |
Ex |
Former,
remove from, stop existing |
Ex-minister,
ex-president, expel, extinguish, extirpate |
13. |
Extra |
Outside,
beyond |
Extracurricular,
extraterrestrial, extrajudicial, extramarital, Extraordinary |
14. |
Hetero |
Other,
different |
Heterozygote,
heterogeneous, heterosexual, heterodox |
15. |
Hyper |
More than
normal, to an excessive degree |
Hyperactive,
hypersensitive, hypertension, hyperbole |
16. |
In, Il,
Im, Ir |
Not |
Ineligible,
illegal, impure, irregular, incorrect, illegible, immaterial, irrelevant |
17. |
Inter |
Between,
among, from one to another |
International,
intercaste, interconnect, interrupt, intervene |
18. |
Intra |
Within,
inside |
Intravenous,
intramural, intranet, intramuscular |
19. |
Mal |
Bad,
wrong, not correct |
Malfunction,
malpractice, malformation |
20. |
Mis |
Bad,
unfavourably, dishonestly, wrongly |
Mismanage,
misappropriate, misjudge, mislead, mishap |
21. |
Mono |
One,
simple |
Monotony,
monosyllable, monogamy, monologue |
22. |
Non |
Not |
Nonsense,
nonstop, non alcoholic, nonfiction, non interference. |
23. |
Omni |
Of all
things, in all ways or places |
Omnipresent,
omnivorous, omnibus, omnidirectional |
24. |
Over |
Beyond from
above, across, more than usual |
Over-confident,
overcoat, over reach, over head, over heat. |
(ii).Suffix
A Suffix
is a syllable placed at the end of a word to qualify its meaning and form a new
word.
S.No. |
Suffix |
Meaning |
Examples |
1. |
- ance |
An action
or a state of |
Observance,
assistance, performance |
2. |
- ence |
Quality
of |
Preference,
interference, reference |
3. |
- ship |
The state
of being somebody; a person’s status or office, skill or ability at something |
Relationship,
partnership, membership, ownership |
4. |
- dom |
A
condition or state of; the rank of; an area ruled by |
Freedom,
kingdom, dukedom, boredom |
5. |
- ment |
State/action |
Measurement,
requirement, retirement, development |
6. |
- ness |
Condition
of |
Readiness,
happiness, darkness, blindness |
7. |
-ion,
-ation, -ition, - sion, -tion |
The
action or condition of |
Action,
compilation, competition, radiation,
oration, complexion, comprehension, Tension |
8. |
- ism |
Showing
qualities typical of |
Magnetism,
socialism, patriotism, heroism |
9. |
- ise,
-ize |
To
acquire the quality of |
Magnetize,
popularize, computerize, modernize, |
10. |
- ate |
To make |
Activate,
cultivate, calculate, chlorinate |
11. |
- en |
To make |
Widen,
lengthen, shorten, freshen |
12. |
- ify |
To make |
Simplify,
beautify, purify, magnify |
13. |
-able,
-ble |
Capable
of being |
Comfortable,
portable, measurable, reliable, divisible, indelible |
14. |
-ous |
Full of |
Famous,
dangerous, miraculous, adventurous |
15. |
- less |
Without |
Fearless,
careless, senseless, faultless |
16. |
- ish |
Like |
Reddish,
blackish, selfish, childish |
17. |
-ed |
Having
the quality of |
Depleted,
stimulated, assumed, required |
18. |
- ive |
Having
the quality of |
Active,
defective, reflective, interactive |
19. |
-ful |
To be
typical of |
Beautiful,
careful, fruitful, powerful |
20. |
-ic,
-ical |
Having
the quality of |
Magic, magical,
comic, comical, economic, economical |
EXERCISE:
I.
Add suitable prefix/suffix for the meaning given against the words:
1.
_thermo_dynamics : the study of energy its forms and
conversion.
2.
__Bio__technology : the use of biological processes for
industrial and other purposes.
3.
Simple(city)___ : Make
simple.
4.
Red
dish ___ : Resembling red.
5.
Weight
__less_ : without weight.
6.
Require
ment : Something necessary.
7.
__Af___forestation :
expansion of forests.
8.
nuclear
fusion :
nuclear reactions at very high temperatures.
9.
Deforesta
ion____ : Clearing of forests.
10.
____il_legal : not
legal.
11.
Encourage_ment_ : the act of encouraging somebody
12.
Pure
(ity)___ :
make pure.
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