Thursday 12 March 2020

2nd year IT Advanced reading and writing assessment 1


PARK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, KANIYUR 641659
HS 8461 ADVANCED READING AND WRITING
SECOND YEAR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (2019-2020)
FIRST ASSESSMENT TEST
Reading
Questions 1-5
·         Look at questions 1-5
·         In each question, which phrase or sentence is correct?
·         For each question mark the correct answer A, B or C
1.
The supply department will provide overalls.
The company provides
A   an overcoat
B   a uniform
C   a suit
2.
Mrs. Rothe called- she’s unavailable for the meeting tomorrow
Mrs. Rothe will
A   be late for the meeting tomorrow.
B   take part in the meeting tomorrow.
C   not be at the meeting tomorrow.
3.
                                                                                           19.2.2020
Mike called yesterday to say he’s flying to Turkey tomorrow.
Mike is flying to Turkey on
A   18 February
B   19 February
C   20   February
4
European sales have recovered this year.
Compared to last year, European sales have
A   improved
B   remained steady
C   decreased
5
Thank you for your enquiry of 18 February
The company received a letter asking for
A   a delivery date
B   information
C   an order
                                               
Volkswagen: a history
Ferdinand Porsche started work on the ‘people’s car with money he received from the German government in 1934. First of all he travelled to America to learn about car production. Then in 1938 he returned to Germany, founded Volkswagen GmbH and started production with he=is new American machinery in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony.

Commercial production stopped during the war and the factory and its 9,000 workers fell into British hands in 1945. After the war the British helped the local economy by ordering 20,000 cars but decided not to take over the company as they did not think it had a future. Instead, Heinrich Nordhoff took over as Managing Director and the Volkswagon success story began.

Within five years annual production went from 20,000 to 230,000 cars and the company founded its first South American subsidiary, Volkswagen do Brasil SA. In 1949, the first exports to the USA arrived in New York, where they were described as ‘beetle-like’ and the VW Beetle legend was born. Thirty- two years later, the twenty-millionth Beetle rolled off a Volkswagen de Mexico production line. In 1960, Volkswagen became a public limited company valued at DM600m

The company continued its globalization. By setting up its own production facilities in Australia (1957), Nigeria (1973), and Japan (1990) while expanding into the USA (1976) and Spain (1986) by buying car manufacturers. The company also set up a joint venture in China (1982). VW moved into central Europe at the end of 1989, where it soon began production in the farmer East Germany and expanded into the Czech Republic.

Volkswagen always had a close relationship with the Porsche, the sports car manufacturer, and in 2011, the two companies merged to form one large car- manufacturing group. Today, the Volkswagen group is the biggest motor vehicle manufacturer in Europe and- after Toyota Group and General Motors( which are number one number two respectively)- the third biggest car manufacturer in the world.

2. Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
1. The company was first registered in
                A   1912 B   1938                 C   1947
2. The company produced its first car in
                A   1920 B   1938                 C   1947
3. The company exported the first Beetle to the USA in
                A   1949 B   1957                 C   1976
4. How many Beetles have been produced?
                A    3 million        B    about 12 million         C   over 20 million
5. The company opened a Chinese joint venture in
                A    1977                B   1982                 C   1994
6. Volkswagen merged with Porsche in
                A   2007 B   2009                 C   2011



7. Porsche produced the first Volkswagen car
                A   ten months after he received government money
                B   three years after he received the government money
                C   four years after he received the government money
8. During the war the company
                A   stopped producing cars completely
                B   stopped producing cars for sale to the public
                C   continued producing cars as before
9. The British did not take over the company because
                A   they did not think that it would survive
                B   They did not have enough money
                C   Nordhoff had already bought it
10. Between 1945 and 1950 production increased
                A   every year by20,000
                B   from 20,000 to 230,000
                C   by 20,000 to 230,000
3. Write a descriptive paragraph on’ My best friend”





               


Monday 9 March 2020

Numerical expressions and numerical adjectives


PARK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
HS 8251 TECHNICAL ENGLISH
NUMERICAL EXPRESSIONS
Expand the following:
1. 5000rev/min                                    Five thousand revolutions per minute
2. 150 rpm                                           One hundred and fifty revolutions per minute
3. 400ppm                                           Four hundred parts per million
4. 6,28m/s                                            Six point two eight metres per second
5. 40%w/v                                           Forty percentage weight per volume
6. 530 kHz                                          Five hundred and thirty kilohertz
7. 1500kg/cm3                                                 One thousand five hundred kilogram per centimeter cube
8. 273K                                               Two hundred and seventy three Kelvin
9. 500Btu/ft3                                       Five hundred British thermal units per cubic feet.
10. 15 psi                                             Fifteen pounds per square inch.
11. 40 ppm                                          Forty parts per million

                                                                                               
NUMERICAL ADJECTIVES
Rewrite the following as numerical adjectives:
Note: When the numerical expression is placed in the position of an adjective before the noun, the single form of the number is used. The plural form is not used.
Examples:
1. A journey of 20 miles:                                A 20-mile journey.
2. A project of 10 years:                                 A 10-year project.
3. A vocation for thirty days:                         A 30-day vocation
4. A workshop for 5 days:                              A five- day workshop.
5. A walk of 5 kilometers:                              A five- kilometer walk.
6. A tank with a capacity of 1000 litres:         A 1000-litre (capacity) tank
7. A research grant of Rs.2 lakhs:                   A two- lakh rupee research grant.
8, A lamp of a power of 60 watts                   A 60- watt lamp
9. A match lasting for 5 days:                         A five day match
10, A flask with a capacity of 2 litres:            a two- litre flask
11. A squad of 1000 men:                              A 1000-.man squad
12. An interval of 10 minutes:                        A ten- minute interval
13. A DC supply of 240 volts:                        A 240- watt DC supply
14. A team consisting of 3 men:                     A three- man team.
15. A book with 80 pages:                              A 80-page book
16. A group of 10 nations:                              A ten- nation group
17. A college that is 40 years old:                   A forty-year old college.
18. A highway of 456 kilometres:                  A 456- kilometer highway
19. A workforce of 300 men:                         A 300- man work force.
20. A seminar held for two days:                   A two-day seminar.
21. a building with six floors:                         A six –floor building
22. An industry that is 20 years old:               A 20-year old industry.
23. A bottle containing 2 litres of water:        A two- litre water bottle.
24. An  expedition lasting  for three days:     A three- day expedition
25. A project proposal for 10 crores:              A ten- crore project proposal

Exercise:
Rewrite the following as numerical adjectives (Anna university April/May 2018)
1. Three barrels which can hold five litres each
2. Storage space of 32 giga bytes
3. An electric cable which is ten metres length
4. Project lasting for two years

Check your answers:
1. A five- litre three barrels.
2. A 32- giga byte storage space
3. A ten- metre electric cable
4. A two- year project.

           
                                   






Active passive voice


PARK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
HS 8251 TECHNICAL ENGLISH
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE
1.1. Present and past

ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Present simple
We make butter from milk
Somebody cleans these rooms every day
People never invite me to parties
How do they make butter?
Butter is made from milk.
These rooms are cleaned every day.
I am never invited to parties.
How is butter made
Past
simple
Somebody stole my car last week.
Someone stole my keys yesterday.
They did not invite me to the party.
When did they build these houses?
My car was stolen last week.
My keys were stolen yesterday.
I wasn’t invited to the party.
When were these houses built?
Present continuous
They are building a new airport at the moment.(=it is not finished)
They are building some new houses near the river

A new airport is being built at the moment.
Some new houses are being built near the river.
Past
continuous
When I was here a few years ago they were building a new airport.(= it wasn’t finished at that time
When I was here a few years ago, a new airport was being built.
Present perfect
Look! They have painted the door.
These shirts are clean. Somebody has washed them.
Somebody has stolen my car.
Look! The door has been painted.
These shirts are clean. They have been washed.
My car has been stolen.
Past
perfect
Arun said that somebody had stolen his car.
Arun said that his car had been stolen.

1.2 Will/can/ must/ have to/ etc
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Somebody will clean the office tomorrow.
Somebody must clean the office
I think they will invite you to the party
They can’t repair my watch.
You should wash this sweater by hand.
They are going to build a new airport.
Somebody has to wash these clothes.
They had to take the injured man to hospital

The office will be cleaned tomorrow.
The office must be cleaned.
I think you will be invited to the party.
My watch can’t be repaired.
This sweater should be washed by hand.
A new airport is going to be built.
These clothes have to be washed.
The injured man had to be taken to hospital.

1.3. Different passives
Tense
Active
Passive
Simple present
Mr. Cgy teaches grammar
Grammar is taught by Mr.Cgy
Simple past
Mr.Cgy taught grammar last year.
Grammar was taught by Mr.Cgy.
future
Mr.Cgy will teach grammar again next year
Grammar will be taught by Mr. Cgy again next year.
Present progressive
Mr.Cgy is teaching grammar now.
Grammar is being taught byMr.Cgy now.
Past progressive
Mr.Cgy was teaching grammar
Grammar was being taught by Mr.Cgy
Present perfect
Mr.Cgy has taught grammar for a year
Grammar has been taught by Mr. Cgy for a year
Past perfect
Mr. Cgy had taught grammar earlier.
Grammar had been taught earlier by Mr.Cgy.
Passive infinitive
Mr.Cgy is to clarify our doubts in grammar.
Our doubts are to be clarified by Mr.Cgy.

1.4. Just for practice
Active
Passive
Raj writes a letter
A letter is written by Raj.
Raj writes some letters
Some letters are written by Raj
Raj wrote a letter
A letter was written by Raj.
Raj wrote some letters
Some letters were written by Raj
Raj is writing a letter
A letter is being written by Raj
Raj is writing some letters
Some letters are being written by raj
Raj has written a letter
A letter has been written byRaj
Raj has written some letters
Some letters have been written by Raj
Raj had written a letter
A letter had been written by Raj
Raj had written some letters
Some letters have been written by Raj
Raj will write a letter
A letter will be written by Raj
Raj will write some letters
Some letters will be written by Raj







1.5 Two objects
If there are two objects in the active voice, one can use either of them as the subject in the passive voice
Examples:
Active
Passive
Ravi gave Ram a writing pad
Ram was given a writing pad (0r)
A writing pad was given to Ram
My uncle presented me a new wrist watch
I was presented a new wrist watch by my uncle
(or)
A new wrist watch was presented to me by my uncle.
Someone gave her a bulldog
She was given a bulldog (or)
A bulldog was given to her.


1.6 Active tenses and their passive equivalents:           
Tense/Verb form
Active voice
Passive voice
Simple present
Keep(s)
Am/is/are kept
Present continuous
Is/are keeping
Is/are being kept
Simple past
kept
Was/were kept
Past continuous
Was/were keeping
Was/were being kept
Present perfect
Has/have kept
Has/have been  kept
Past perfect
Had kept
Had been kept
Future
Will keep
Will be kept
Conditional
Would keep
Would be kept
Perfect conditional
Would have kept
Would have been kept
Present infinitive
To keep
To be kept
Perfect infinitive
To have kept
To have been kept
Present participle/gerund
keeping
Being kept
Perfect participle
Having kept
Having been kept


1.7. More examples on active-passive:

Active
Passive
They built this house in 1985
This house was  built in 1985
Children play games
Games are played by children
I know you
You are known to me
The police caught the thief
The thief was caught
She can drive a car
A car can be driven by her
They may buy that house
That house may be bought by them
Do this work
Let this work be done
Shut the window
Let the window be shut.
She is singing songs
Songs are being sung by her
He was writing letters
Letters were being written by them
He has bought a new house
A new house has been bought by him
She had written a letter
A letter had been written by her.
Who wrote this letter?
By whom was this letter written?
Who told you?
By whom were you told?
How can you do this?
How can it be done by you?
Why did you change the plug?
Why was the plug changed?
They let us go
We were let go
He made us work.
We were made to work.
He looked after the children well
The children were well looked after
We must write to him
He must be written to

1.8 Uses of passive construction:
Use
Example
1.When the agent is unknown or irrelevant
The minister was murdered
My car has been moved
2. When the agent is too obvious from the context
The thief was caught
The streets are swept every day
3. When the process is more important than the agent
Water is added to so sodium chloride
The mixture is boiled
4.When the agent does not want to reveal his/ her identity
An error is/ has been made( Instead of I made an error)
5. When the speaker wants to hide the source of some confidential information
I was informed that the grammar lessons were boring ( instead of Arun informed me…..)
6. To avoid responsibility
The account was mishandled ( instead of you mishandled  the account


1.9. Final exercise:
Change the following into passive:
1. We must not allow water to come into contact with sodium.
2. We ought to place the metal on a dry surface.
3. We can see several particles of iron and silver.
4. They should have submitted the project report.
5. Friction reduces the efficiency of machines.
6. A computer performs fast and accurate calculations.
7. They called of the meeting.
8. I would have kept your car here if you had left it with me.

Check your answers now:
1. Water must not be allowed to come into contact with sodium
2. The metal ought to be placed on a dry surface.
3. Several particles of iron and silver can be seen.
4. The project report should have been submitted.
5. The efficiency of machines is reduced by friction.
6. Fast and accurate calculations are performed by a computer.
7. The meeting was called off.
8. Your car would have been kept here by me if it had been left with me by me.

1.10. Impersonal passive.

Personal passive
Every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.
            They build houses (active)
            Houses are built.( passive)
Impersonal passive
Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive sentence as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive voice.
If one wants to use an intransitive in a passive voice, they need an impersonal construction. Therefore this passive is called impersonal passive.
In English impersonal passive is only possible with verbs of perception ( eg. Say, think, know)
            Examples:
            1. They say that women live longer than men.( active)
            It is said that women live longer than men.( impersonal passive)       (or)
            Women are said to live longer than men (impersonal passive)
            2. People say that the children are afraid of ghosts (active)
            It is said that children are afraid of ghosts.( impersonal passive)       (or)
            Children are said to be afraid of ghosts
            3. They say she works hard (active)
            It is said that she works hard,( impersonal passive)]
            She is said to work hard.